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Amber is Resin's implementation of the JPA 1.0 persistence specification, focusing on simplicity and quality.
Example: House SQL create table HOUSE ( id integer auto_increment, name varchar(255) ) Example: House entity package demo; import javax.persistence.*; @Entity public class House { @Id @Column(name="id") @GeneratedValue private int _id; @Basic @Column(name="name") private String _name; } Example: HouseServlet package demo; import javax.ejb.*; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.persistence.*; public class HouseServlet extends GenericServlet { @PersistenceUnit("test") EntityManagerFactory _factory; public void load(PrintWriter out) { EntityManager amber = _factory.createEntityManager(); try { House house = amber.find(House.class, 1); out.println("House: " + house); } finally { amber.close(); } } public void query(PrintWriter out) { EntityManager amber = _factory.createEntityManager(); try { Query query = amber.createQuery("select o from House o WHERE o.id=1"); out.println("House: " + query.getSingleResult()); } finally { amber.close(); } } @TransactionAttribute protected void insert(PrintWriter out) { EntityManager amber = _factory.createEntityManager(); try { House house = new House("Gryffindor"); amber.persist(house); } finally { amber.close(); } } } META-INF/persistence.xml <persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="1.0"> <persistence-unit name="test"> </persistence-unit> </persistence> WEB-INF/resin-web.xml <web-app xmlns="http://caucho.com/ns/resin"> <ejb-server database="jdbc/test"/> <servlet-mapping url-pattern="/test" servlet-class="demo.HouseServlet"/> </web-app> EntityManagerjavax.persistence.EntityManager public interface EntityManager { public <T> T find(Class<T> entityCLass, Object primaryKey); public <T> T getReference(Class<T> entityClass, Object primaryKey); public void flush(); public <T> T merge(T entity); public void persist(Object entity); public void refresh(Object entity); public void remove(Object entity); public FlushModeType getFlushMode(); public void setFlushMode(FlushModeType flushMode); public Query createQuery(String ql); public Query createNamedQuery(String name); public Query createNativeQuery(String sql); public Query createNativeQuery(String sql, Class resultClass); public Query createNativeQuery(String sql, String resultSEtMapping); public void clear(); public void close(); public boolean contains(Object entity); public Object getDelegate(); public boolean isOpen(); public EntityTransaction getTransaction(); public void joinTransaction(); public void lock(Object entity, LockModeType lockMode); } EntityManagerFactoryjavax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory public interface EntityManagerFactory { public EntityManager createEntityManager(); public EntityManager createEntityManager(Map map); public void close(); public boolean isOpen(); } EntityTransactionjavax.persistence.EntityTransaction public interface EntityTransaction { public void begin(); public void commit(); public void rollback(); public boolean getRollbackOnly(); public void setRollbackOnly(); public boolean isActive(); } Queryjavax.persistence.Query public interface Query { public List getResultList(); public Object getSingleResult(); public int executeUpdate(); public Query setFirstResult(int startPosition); public Query setFlushMode(FlushModeType flushMode); public Query setHint(String hintName, Object value); public Query setMaxResults(int maxResult); public Query setParameter(String name, Object value); public Query setParameter(String name, Date date, TemporalType type); public Query setParameter(String name, Calendar date, TemporalType type); public Query setParameter(int pos, Object value); public Query setParameter(int pos, Date date, TemporalType type); public Query setParameter(int pos, Calendar date, TemporalType type); } Class Annotations@DiscriminatorColumnConfigures the discriminator column, which select the entity class in an inheritance relationship. Each entity class will have a column value which uniquely selects the class to be loaded.
javax.persistence.DiscriminatorColumn @Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface DiscriminatorColumn { String name() default ""; DiscriminatorType discriminatorType() default STRING; String columnDefinition() default ""; int length() default 31; } @EmbeddableAnnotates the class as an embeddable value. The class fields will represent a collection of table columns embedded as part of a containing class for the table. javax.persistence.Embeddable @Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Embeddable { } @EntityAnnotates the class as an entity bean. See the basic property tutorial and the basic field tutorial for an introduction.
javax.persistence.Entity @Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Entity { String name() default ""; } The fields or properties will be annotated by @Id, @Basic, etc. Amber will detect either field or property annotation by the type for the @Id. In other words, if Amber sees an @Id on a field, it will use field access. If Amber sees @Id on a method, it will use property access. @IdClassThe javax.persistence.IdClass @Target({TYPE}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface IdClass { Class value(); } @Inheritance@Inheritance marks the entity bean as supporting inheritance, i.e. the database maps to different Java classes depending on a discriminator value.
javax.persistence.Inheritance @Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Inheritance { InteritanceType strategy() default SINGLE_TABLE; } @MappedSuperclassThe javax.persistence.MappedSuperclass @Target({TYPE}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface MappedSuperclass { } @SecondaryTableSpecifies a secondary database table for an entity bean. The secondary table will contain the fields with a secondaryTable in the @Column.
javax.persistence.SecondaryTable @Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface SecondaryTable { String name() default ""; String catalog() default ""; String schema() default ""; PrimaryKeyJoinColumn []pkJoinColumns() default {}; UniqueConstraint []uniqueConstraints() default {}; } @SequenceGeneratorSpecifies a sequence table to be used for generating keys.
javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator @Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface SequenceGenerator { String name(); String sequenceName() default ""; int initialValue() default 0; int allocationSize() default 50; } @TableSpecifies the database table for an entity bean. The default table name is the class name.
package javax.persistence; @Target(TYPE) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Table { String name() default ""; String catalog() default ""; String schema() default ""; UniqueConstraint []uniqueConstraints() default {}; } @TableGeneratorSpecifies a secondary table to be used for generating keys.
javax.persistence.TableGenerator @Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface TableGenerator { String name(); String table() default ""; String catalog() default ""; String schema() default ""; String pkColumnName() default ""; String valueColumnName() default ""; String pkColumnValue() default ""; int initialValue() default 0; int allocationSize() default 50; UniqueConstraint []uniqueConstraints() default {}; } Property Annotations@BasicMarks a field as a persistent field.
javax.persistence.Basic @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Basic { FetchType fetch() default EAGER; boolean optional() default true; } The fetch types are:
Example: string property @Entity public class Course { @Basic public String getName() ... } Example: lazy-loaded property @Entity public class Course { @Basic(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) public String getMassiveText() ... } @ColumnSpecifies the field's SQL column name as well as any CREATE TABLE properties for auto generation.
javax.persistence.Column @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Column { String name() default ""; boolean unique() default false; boolean nullable() default true; boolean insertable() default true; boolean updateable() default true; String columnDefinition() default ""; String table() default ""; int length() default 255; int precision() default 0; int scale() default 0; } Example: @Column for a string property @Entity public class Course { @Basic @Column(name="MY_NAME", unique=true, nullable=false, length=32) public String getName() ... } @EmbeddedMarks a field as containing an embeddable value. The field's value will be a class marked as @Embeddable. Applications can use @Embedded fields to gather columns into meaningful groups. javax.persistence.Embedded @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Embedded { } @EmbeddedIdMarks a field as a primary key with a embedded class. The field's
value class must be marked with javax.persistence.EmbeddedId @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface EmbeddedId { } @EnumeratedMarks a field as containing an enumerated value.
javax.persistence.Enumerated @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Enumerated { EnumType value() default ORDINAL; } @GeneratedValueUsed with @Id to specify a generator for automatic key generation when new objects are created.
The generator types are:
javax.persistence.GeneratedValue @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface GeneratedValue { GenerationType strategy() default AUTO; String generator() default ""; } For SEQUENCE and TABLE, Resin will create the sequence name as "${'${'}table}_cseq". Example: autoincrement generation import javax.persistence.*; @Entity public class Course { @Id @GeneratedValue public long getId() ... } Example: sequence generation import javax.persistence.*; @Entity public class Course { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GeneratorType.AUTO generator="COURSE_SEQ") public long getId() ... } @IdMarks a field as a primary key. The javax.persistence.Id @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Id { } The default column name is "ID". Example: automatic generation import javax.persistence.*; @Entity public class Course { @Id @Column(name="t_id") @GeneratedValue public long getId() ... } @LobMarks a field as containing a large blob value. javax.persistence.Lob @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Lob { } @TemporalMarks a field as a time-based value.
javax.persistence.Temporal @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface Temporal { TemporalType value() default TIMESTAMP; } Relation annotations@JoinColumnDefines a join (foreign) columns. Used for @ManyToOne. See also @Column for corresponding definition for @Basic columns. See the Many-to-One tutorial for a full example.
javax.persistence.JoinColumn @Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface JoinColumn { String name() default ""; String referencedColumnName() default ""; boolean unique() default false; boolean nullable() default false; boolean insertable() default true; boolean updateable() default true; String columnDefinition() default ""; String table() default ""; } Example: Student to House link public class Student { @Id @Column(name="student_id") long getId() @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="house_id") public House getHouse() } Example: Student SQL CREATE TABLE Student { student_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY auto_increment house_id BIGINT REFERENCES House(id) ) @JoinColumnsDefines a set of join (foreign) columns for composite keys. javax.persistence.JoinColumns @Target({TYPE,METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface JoinColumns { JoinColumn [] value() default{} } @JoinTableDefines an association table for a many-to-many relation.
javax.persistence.JoinTable @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface JoinTable { String table() default ""; String catalog() default ""; String schema() default ""; JoinColumn []joinColumns() default {}; JoinColumn []inverseJoinColumns() default {}; UniqueContraint []uniqueConstraint() default {}; } @ManyToManyMarks a field as a many-to-many (association) relation. The column names are the key columns of the source and target tables. See the many-to-many tutorial for an example.
javax.persistence.ManyToMany @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface ManyToMany { String targetEntity default ""; CascadeType []cascade() default {}; FetchType fetch() default LAZY; String mappedBy isInverse() default ""; } Example: @ManyToMany link @Entity public class Student { @ManyToMany @JoinTable( name="student_course_map", joinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="student_id")}, inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="course_id")} ) public Collection getCourses() ... } @ManyToOneMarks a field as a many-to-one (link) relation. The default column name is the column name of the target key. See the many-to-one tutorial for an example.
javax.persistence.ManyToOne @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface ManyToOne { String targetEntity default ""; CascadeType []cascade() default {}; FetchType fetch() default EAGER; boolean optional() default true; } Example: @ManyToOne link @Entity public class Student { @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="house") public House getHouse() ... } @MapKeyMarks a field as key in a Map relationship. javax.persistence.MapKey @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface MapKey { String name() default ""; } @OneToManyMarks a field as a one-to-many (collection) relation. Because a one-to-many field is dependent, it needs a @ManyToOne relation on the source table which defines the column.
javax.persistence.OneToMany @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface OneToMany { String targetEntity default ""; CascadeType []cascade() default {}; FetchType fetch() default EAGER; String mappedBy() default ""; } Example: collection @Entity public class House { ... @OneToMany(targetEntity=Student.class, mappedBy="house") public Collection getStudents() } @Entity public class Student { ... @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name="house") public House getHouse() } Example: Collection SQL CREATE TABLE House { id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY ) CREATE TABLE Student { id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY, house BIGINT REFERENCES House(id) ) @OneToOneMarks a field as a one-to-one (dependent link) relation. Because a one-to-one field is dependent, it needs a @ManyToOne relation on the source table which defines the column.
javax.persistence.OneToOne @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface OneToOne { String targetEntity default ""; CascadeType []cascade() default {}; FetchType fetch() default EAGER; boolean optional() default true; String mappedBy() default ""; } @OrderBy
javax.persistence.OrderBy @Target({METHOD, FIELD}) @Retention(RUNTIME) public @interface OrderBy { String value() default ""; } Non-Transactional LifecycleAmber's non-transactional lifecycle has three important states:
In the diagram below, the red methods ( ![]() The Calling Calling The Example: Amber outside transaction public class MyServlet extends GenericServlet { @In EntityManagerFactory _factory; @In UserTransaction _trans; ... public void doTest(PrintWriter out) throws IOException { EntityManager aConn = _factory.createManager(); // load() loads test and then detaches it qa.Test test = aConn.load(qa.Test.class, "1"); // test has the loaded values out.println(test.getData()); // but parent is not lazily-loaded when detached, i.e. it's null. qa.Test parent = test.getParent(); aConn.close(); } } Transactional LifecycleIn a transaction, Amber loads the bean from the database, even if it was loaded outside of the transaction. (Exceptions exist for cases like read-only beans.) By loading the bean in the transaction, Amber lets the database handle the transactional locking and state consistency. Just like the non-transactional and states, Amber has transactional and states called and . As in the non-transactional case, the state represents lazily-loaded beans.
![]() The main differences from the non-transactional lifecycle are:
Example configurationThe lifecycle description uses a single running example, Test, which
has two properties: Example: META-INF/orm.xml <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <entity-mappings xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/orm" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/orm orm_1_0.xsd" version="1.0"> <package>qa</package> <entity name="Test" class="qa.Test" access="PROPERTY"> <table name="TEST"/> <attributes> <id name="id"> <column name="ID"/> </id> <basic name="data"> <column name="DATA"/> </basic> <many-to-one name="parent"> <join-column name="FK_PARENT"/> </many-to-one> </attributes> </table> </entity> </entity-mappings>
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